This is a “large-scale” scheme representing the framework for French State aids for Research, Development and Innovation (R&D&I). It includes about twenty public schemes with various objectives and instruments, such as aid for collaborative R&D projects, innovation aid for SMEs and funding for joint research infrastructures. With an annual budget of around EUR 1,5 billion, this aid accounts for more than half of the French support for innovation outside Crédit d’impôt Recherche (CIR).