For Germany, we estimate the relative effectiveness of training programs and job creation schemes. We pay particular attention to problems of common support that may arise in cross-program comparisons. Furthermore, we show that the use of different outcome variables may lead to different conclusions. In particular, the group of participants in job creation schemes may be too different from training participants to conduct a reliable comparison. Participants in shorter training programs spend more time in employment than those in longer programs; this is mainly due to less lock-in effects. However, at the end of our observation period participants in long retraining programs show the best relative performance. Url or DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9957.2010.02221.x Authors Stephan Gesine André Pahnke Country Germany Publication Year 2011 Ranges Intervention Intervention Start Year 2003 Intervention End Year 2003 Evaluation Evaluation Start Year 2003 Evaluation End Year 2006 Policy field Employment incentives Private sector employment incentives Public sector employment Training Classroom/vocational training Target group Labour market status Unemployed (All cat.) Details Funding Source Other Outcome Variable Employment status Data Source Administrative Evaluation Method PSM